Members rating plays a vital role in deciding whether a product or services should be bought or not. In this article, you are going to learn how to create a star rating system in ASP.NET MVC.

Database structure

There are two small changes needed in our database for this rating system

1.  Add a field called "Votes" (or "Rating" whatever best suits you) in the existing database table where we are going to save other data of the post.

2. Add another database table called "VoteLog" that will save each vote details. Below are details of each field of this table.

• AutoId - auto increment
• SectionId - id of different sections of the website (we might be interested in implementing this rating system in multiple sections of the website, so all rating details will be saved into this database table)
• VoteForId - unique id of the record for which member has rated
• UserName - username of the member who has rated
• Vote - rate given by a member for this post
• Active -whether this record is active and should be counted

Different status of Rating control

Status 1 - When a visitor is visiting the website

Status 2 - When a visitor has logged in (is a member of the website)

Status 3 - After rating the post

Status 4 - When a visitor had rated the post and coming back to the same post again and browser cookie is still present in visitors' machine.

Status 5 - When a visitor had voted and browser cookies are cleared and he/she tried to vote again for the same post.

Lets start to create the Star Rating system

Step 1

Create a partial view named _VoteNow.cshtml in the Views/Shared folder and copy-paste below code.

@model string
@{
    var url = Request.Url.AbsolutePath;   
}
@if (!User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
{
    <text>Please <a href="/Account/[email protected]" title="Login to rate">Login</a> to rate</text>
    return;
}
@if (Request.Cookies[url] == null) {
    <div id="ratingDiv" class="smallText"> Poor
        <img src="/images/whitestar.gif" alt="" class="ratingStar" data-value="1" /><img src="/images/whitestar.gif" alt="" class="ratingStar" data-value="2" /><img src="/images/whitestar.gif" alt="" class="ratingStar" data-value="3" /><img src="/images/whitestar.gif" alt="" class="ratingStar" data-value="4" /><img src="/images/whitestar.gif" alt="" class="ratingStar" data-value="5" /> Excellent
        <label id="lblResult"></label>
    </div>
    <style type="text/css">
        .ratingStar {
            cursor:pointer;
        }
    </style>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var clickedFlag = false;
        $(".ratingStar").mouseover(function () {
            $(this).attr("src", "/images/yellowstar.gif").prevAll("img.ratingStar").attr("src", "/images/yellowstar.gif");
        });
        $(".ratingStar, #radingDiv").mouseout(function () {
            $(this).attr("src", "/images/whitestar.gif");
        });
        $("#ratingDiv").mouseout(function () {
            if (!clickedFlag)
            {
                $(".ratingStar").attr("src", "/images/whitestar.gif");
            }
        });
        $(".ratingStar").click(function () {
            clickedFlag = true;
            $(".ratingStar").unbind("mouseout mouseover click").css("cursor", "default");

            var url = "/Home/SendRating?r=" + $(this).attr("data-value") + "&s=5&id=@Model&url=@url";
            $.post(url, null, function (data) {
                $("#lblResult").html(data);
            });
        });
        $("#lblResult").ajaxStart(function () {
            $("#lblResult").html("Processing ....");
        });
        $("#lblResult").ajaxError(function () {
            $("#lblResult").html("<br />Error occured.");
        });
    </script>
}else{
    <text><span style="color:green;">Thanks for your vote !</span></text>
}

Step 2

Create a SendRating action method in HomeController.

public JsonResult SendRating(string r, string s, string id, string url)
        {
            int autoId = 0;
            Int16 thisVote = 0;
            Int16 sectionId = 0;
            Int16.TryParse(s, out sectionId);
            Int16.TryParse(r, out thisVote);
            int.TryParse(id, out autoId);
           
            if (!User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                return Json("Not authenticated!");
            }

            if (autoId.Equals(0))
            {
                return Json("Sorry, record to vote doesn't exists");
            }

            switch (s)
            {
                case "5" : // school voting
                    // check if he has already voted
                    var isIt = db.VoteModels.Where(v => v.SectionId == sectionId &&
                        v.UserName.Equals(User.Identity.Name, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase) && v.VoteForId == autoId).FirstOrDefault();
                    if (isIt != null)
                    {
                        // keep the school voting flag to stop voting by this member
                        HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie(url, "true");
                        Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
                        return Json("<br />You have already rated this post, thanks !");
                    }

                    var sch = db.SchoolModels.Where(sc => sc.AutoId == autoId).FirstOrDefault();
                    if (sch != null)
                    {
                        object obj = sch.Votes;

                        string updatedVotes = string.Empty;
                        string[] votes = null;
                        if (obj != null && obj.ToString().Length > 0)
                        {
                            string currentVotes = obj.ToString(); // votes pattern will be 0,0,0,0,0
                            votes = currentVotes.Split(',');
                            // if proper vote data is there in the database
                            if (votes.Length.Equals(5))
                            {
                                // get the current number of vote count of the selected vote, always say -1 than the current vote in the array
                                int currentNumberOfVote = int.Parse(votes[thisVote - 1]);
                                // increase 1 for this vote
                                currentNumberOfVote++;
                                // set the updated value into the selected votes
                                votes[thisVote - 1] = currentNumberOfVote.ToString();
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                votes = new string[] { "0", "0", "0", "0", "0" };
                                votes[thisVote - 1] = "1";
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            votes = new string[] { "0", "0", "0", "0", "0" };
                            votes[thisVote - 1] = "1";
                        }

                        // concatenate all arrays now
                        foreach (string ss in votes)
                        {
                            updatedVotes += ss + ",";
                        }
                        updatedVotes = updatedVotes.Substring(0, updatedVotes.Length - 1);

                        db.Entry(sch).State = EntityState.Modified;
                        sch.Votes = updatedVotes;
                        db.SaveChanges();

                        VoteModel vm = new VoteModel()
                        {
                            Active = true,
                            SectionId = Int16.Parse(s),
                            UserName = User.Identity.Name,
                            Vote = thisVote,
                            VoteForId = autoId
                        };
                       
                        db.VoteModels.Add(vm);
                       
                        db.SaveChanges();

                        // keep the school voting flag to stop voting by this member
                        HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie(url, "true");
                        Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            return Json("<br />You rated " + r + " star(s), thanks !");
        }

Step 3

Now, it's time to display current rating. Create _VoteShow.cshtml partial view in the Views/Shared folder and copy-paste below code.

@model string

@{
    Single m_Average = 0;

    Single m_totalNumberOfVotes = 0;
    Single m_totalVoteCount = 0;
    Single m_currentVotesCount = 0;
    Single m_inPercent = 0;
    var thisVote = string.Empty;
   
    if (Model.Length > 0)
    {
        // calculate total votes now
        string[] votes = Model.Split(',');
        for (int i = 0; i < votes.Length; i++)
        {
            m_currentVotesCount = int.Parse(votes[i]);
            m_totalNumberOfVotes = m_totalNumberOfVotes + m_currentVotesCount;
            m_totalVoteCount = m_totalVoteCount + (m_currentVotesCount * (i + 1));
        }

        m_Average = m_totalVoteCount / m_totalNumberOfVotes;
        m_inPercent = (m_Average * 100) / 5;

        thisVote = "<span style=\"display: block; width: 65px; height: 13px; background: url(/images/starRating.png) 0 0;\">" +
            "<span style=\"display: block; width: "+ m_inPercent + "%; height: 13px; background: url(/images/starRating.png) 0 -13px;\"></span> " +
            "</span>" +
            "<span class=\"smallText\">Overall ratings: <span itemprop=\"ratingCount\">" + m_totalNumberOfVotes + "</span> | Rating: <span itemprop=\"ratingValue\">" + m_Average.ToString("##.##") + "</span> out of 5 </span>  ";
    }
}
 <div itemprop="aggregateRating" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AggregateRating">
    <meta itemprop="bestRating" content="5" />
    <meta itemprop="worstRating" content="1">
    <meta itemprop="ratingValue" content="@m_Average.ToString("##.##") %>" />
      @Html.Raw(thisVote)
  </div>

Step 4

Calling rating controls (partial vies) on the post page.

<div class="tr" style="background-color:#f1f1f1;">
                <div class="td0">Please rate this school</div>
                <div class="td">@Html.Partial("_VoteNow", Model.AutoId.ToString())</div>
                <div class="td">@Html.Partial("_VoteShow", Model.Votes)</div>
            </div>

While calling _VoteNow, we are passing the unique post id as parameter and while calling _VoteShow, we are passing current votes (Rates) in the form of  "x,x,x,x,x" as parameter and here is the final output displays on the web page.

Done! Your own rating system is up and live!

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In this tutorial, I will tell you about creating Cache Profiles. To cache the data returned by Index() action method for 60 seconds, we would use [OutputCache] attribute as shown below:

[OutputCache(Duration=60)]
public ActionResult Index()
{
    return View(db.Employees.ToList());
}

In the example above, the OutputCache settings are specified in code. The disadvantage of this approcah is that:
1. If you have to apply the same cache settings, to several methods, then the code needs to be duplicated.
2. Later, if we have to change these cache settings, then we need to change them at several places. Maintaining the code becomes complicated. Also, changing the application code requires build and re-deployment.

To overcome these disadvantages, cache settings can be specified in web.config file using cache profiles:

Step 1

Specify cache settings in web.config using cache profiles:
<system.web>
  <caching>
    <outputCacheSettings>
      <outputCacheProfiles>
        <clear/>
        <add name="1MinuteCache" duration="60" varyByParam="none"/>           
      </outputCacheProfiles>
    </outputCacheSettings>
  </caching>
</system.web>

Step 2

Reference the cache profile in application code:
[OutputCache(CacheProfile = "1MinuteCache")]
public ActionResult Index()
{
    return View(db.Employees.ToList());
}

The cache settings are now read from one central location i.e from the web.config file. The advantage of using cache profiles is that:
1. You have one place to change the cache settings. Mantainability is much easier.
2. Since the changes are done in web.config, we need not build and redeploy the application.

Using Cache profiles with child action methods:
[ChildActionOnly]
[OutputCache(CacheProfile = "1MinuteCache")]
public string GetEmployeeCount()
{
    return "Employee Count = " + db.Employees.Count().ToString()
        + "@ " + DateTime.Now.ToString();
}

When Cache profiles are used with child action methods, you will get an error:

- Duration must be a positive number.

There colud be several ways to make cache profiles work with child action methods. The following is the approach, that I am aware of. Please feel free to leave a comment, if you know of a better way of doing this.

How to create a custom OutputCache attribute that loads the cache settings from the cache profile in web.config:

Step 1

Right click on the project name in solution explorer, and add a folder with name = Common

Step 2

Right click on "Common" folder and add a class file, with name = PartialCacheAttribute.cs

Step 3

Copy and paste the following code. Notice that, I have named the custom OutputCache attribute as PartialCacheAttribute:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Configuration;

namespace MVCDemo.Common
{
    public class PartialCacheAttribute : OutputCacheAttribute
    {
        public PartialCacheAttribute(string cacheProfileName)
        {
            OutputCacheSettingsSection cacheSettings =                 (OutputCacheSettingsSection)WebConfigurationManager.GetSection("system.web/caching/outputCacheSettings");
            OutputCacheProfile cacheProfile = cacheSettings.OutputCacheProfiles[cacheProfileName];
            Duration = cacheProfile.Duration;
            VaryByParam = cacheProfile.VaryByParam;
            VaryByCustom = cacheProfile.VaryByCustom;
        }
    }
}

Step 4

Use PartialCacheAttribute on the child action method, and pass it the name of the cache profile in web.config. Please note that, PartialCacheAttribute is in MVCDemo.Common namespace.
[ChildActionOnly]
[PartialCache("1MinuteCache")]
public string GetEmployeeCount()
{
    return "Employee Count = " + db.Employees.Count().ToString()
        + "@ " + DateTime.Now.ToString();
}

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In this tutorial, I will tell you about selecting, inserting, updating and deleting data in mvc using entity framework. I will be using tables tblDepartment and tblEmployee for this tutorial.

Step 1

First you must run the sql script to create and populate these tables, here is the example:

Create table tblDepartment
(
 Id int primary key identity,
 Name nvarchar(50)
)

Insert into tblDepartment values('IT')
Insert into tblDepartment values('HR')
Insert into tblDepartment values('Payroll')

Create table tblEmployee
(
 EmployeeId int Primary Key Identity(1,1),
 Name nvarchar(50),
 Gender nvarchar(10),
 City nvarchar(50),
 DepartmentId int
)

Alter table tblEmployee
add foreign key (DepartmentId)
references tblDepartment(Id)

Insert into tblEmployee values('Mark','Male','London',1)
Insert into tblEmployee values('John','Male','Chennai',3)
Insert into tblEmployee values('Mary','Female','New York',3)
Insert into tblEmployee values('Mike','Male','Sydeny',2)
Insert into tblEmployee values('Scott','Male','London',1)
Insert into tblEmployee values('Pam','Female','Falls Church',2)
Insert into tblEmployee values('Todd','Male','Sydney',1)
Insert into tblEmployee values('Ben','Male','New Delhi',2)
Insert into tblEmployee values('Sara','Female','London',1)

Step 2

Create a new asp.net mvc 4 web application. Then Right click on the "Models" folder and add "ADO.NET Entity Data Model". Set Name = EmployeeDataModel.edmx.

On the subsequent screen, select "Generate from database" option and click "Next". On "Choose your data connection screen", click on "New Connection" button. Specify the sql server name. In my case, I have sql server installed on my local machine. So I have set "Server Name=(local)". From "Select or enter a database name" dropdownlist, select the Database name and click "OK". Then Click "Next".

Step 3

On "Choose your database objects" screen, expand "Tables" and select "tblDepartment" and "tblEmployee" tables. Set "Model Namespace=Models" and click "Finish".

At this point we should have tblDepartment and tblEmployee entities generated.
a) Change tblDepartment to Department
b) Change tblEmployee to Employee
c) Change tblEmployees nvigation property to Employees
d) Change tblDepartment nvigation property to Department

Step 4

Right click on the "Controllers" folder and select Add - Controller. Then, Set:
Name = EmployeeController
Template = MVC controller with read/write actions and views, using Entity Framework
Model class = Employee(MVCDemo.Models)
Data Context Class = EmployeeContext(MVCDemo.Models)
Views = Razor

Finally click "Add".

At this point you should have the following files automatically added.
1. EmployeeController.cs file in "Controllers" folder
2. Index, Create, Edit, Detail and Delete views in "Employee" folder.

On Create and Edit views, please delete the following scripts section. We will discuss these in a later video session.
@section Scripts {
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
}

At this point, if you run the application by pressing CTRL + F5, you will get an error stating - The resource cannot be found. This is because, by default, the application goes to "HOME" controller and "Index" action.

To fix this,
1. Open "RouteConfig.cs" file from "App_Start" folder
2. Set Controller = "Employee"

Run the application again. Notice that, all the employees are listed on the index view. We can also create a new employee, edit an employee, view their full details and delete an employee as well.

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In this article I will explain you about How to bind the Checkboxlist from the database. Let’s try to understand this with an example. We will be using Courses table in this example as shown in the following picture.

Write the following SQL scripts for creating Courses table and inserting data into it.
CREATE TABLE Courses (
  Course_ID int IDENTITY (1, 1) PRIMARY KEY,
  Course_Name varchar(50),
  Course_Duration int,
  IsSelected bit
)
INSERT INTO Courses (Course_Name, Course_Duration, IsSelected)
  VALUES ('ASP.NET', 45, 1)
INSERT INTO Courses (Course_Name, Course_Duration, IsSelected)
  VALUES ('C#', 45, 0)
INSERT INTO Courses (Course_Name, Course_Duration, IsSelected)
  VALUES ('VB.NET', 45, 1)
INSERT INTO Courses (Course_Name, Course_Duration, IsSelected)
  VALUES ('MVC', 45, 0)
INSERT INTO Courses (Course_Name, Course_Duration, IsSelected)
  VALUES ('JQuery', 45, 1)
INSERT INTO Courses (Course_Name, Course_Duration, IsSelected)
  VALUES ('WCF', 45, 0)

Now, add your connectionstring with name="con" in the web.config file.
Write the below code in the Model class.
Model(Users.cs):
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
namespace MvcCheckBoxList.Models
{
    public class Users
    {
        public int Course_ID { get; set; }
        public string Course_Name { get; set; }
        public int Course_Duration { get; set; }
        public bool IsSelected { get; set; }
        public static List<Users> getUsers()
        {
            SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["con"].ConnectionString);
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select * from Courses", con);
            SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();
            da.Fill(ds);
            var users = new List<Users>(ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count);
            foreach (DataRow row in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
            {
                var values = row.ItemArray;
                var user = new Users()
                {
                    Course_ID = (int)values[0],
                    Course_Name = (string)values[1],
                    Course_Duration=(int)values[2],
                    IsSelected = (bool)values[3]
                };
                users.Add(user);
            }
            return users;
        }
    }
}

Write the following code in the Controller class.
Controller(UserController.cs):
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcCheckBoxList.Models;
using System.Data;
using System.Text;
namespace MvcCheckBoxList.Controllers
{
    public class UserController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult UsersIndex()
        {
            List<Users> model = new List<Users>();
            model = Users.getUsers();
            return View(model);
        }
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult UsersIndex(List<Users> user)
        {
            if (user.Count(x => x.IsSelected) == 0)
            {
                ViewBag.msg = "You have not selected any Course";
                return View();
            }
            else
            {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                sb.Append("You have selected – ");
                foreach (Users usr in user)
               {
                    if (usr.IsSelected)
                    {
                        sb.Append(usr.Course_Name + ",");
                    }
                }
                sb.Remove(sb.ToString().LastIndexOf(","), 1);
                sb.Append(" Courses");
                ViewBag.msg = sb.ToString();
                return View(user);
            }
        }
    }
}

Write the following code in the View:
View(UsersIndex.cshtml):
@model List<MvcCheckBoxList.Models.Users>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
  }
<h5 style="color:Red">@ViewBag.msg</h5>
@if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ViewBag.msg))
{
    using (Html.BeginForm("UsersIndex", "User", FormMethod.Post))
    {
       for (int i = 0; i < Model.Count; i++)
        {
        @Html.CheckBoxFor(m => m[i].IsSelected)
        @Html.Label(Model[i].Course_Name);
        @Html.HiddenFor(m => m[i].Course_Name);
        @Html.HiddenFor(m => m[i].Course_ID)
        <br />
        }
<div>  <input type="submit" value="Submit!" /></div>
    }
}

And here is the output:

When you click on Submit button then corresponding selected items will show. 

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Are you still remember about the article that has told you about how to produce output to the web page using JavaScript Action Method in ASP.NET MVC. To continue the article, today I'm gonna tell you how to produce output to the web page from controller using the last 3 action methods: Content (), Json (), File () Action Method).

Content() Action Method

Content() method renders the string that is passed as parameter to the browser.

public ContentResult OutputContent()
        {
            return Content("This is content.");
        }

When above controller method is called, it simply render "This is content." in the browser. This method returns ContentResult action result that derives from ActionResult.

Json() Action Method

Json() method returns Json string to the browser. Its return type is JsonResult that derives from ActionResult.

public JsonResult OutputToJson()
        {
            UserNamePasswordModel model = new UserNamePasswordModel()
            {
                Password = "Password1",
                UserName = "UserName1"
            };
            return Json(model, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

// OUTPUT: {"UserName":"UserName1","Password":"Password1"}

The above code converts the UserNamePasswordModel to the Json string and returns to the browser.

File() Action Method

File() action method returns the content of a file to the browser. The return type of this method is FileResult that again derives from ActionResult.

public FileResult OutputFile()
        {
            string path = Server.MapPath("~/Views/Home/About.cshtml");
            return File(path, "text/html");
        }

Hope this article was helpful. Thanks for reading and keep visiting for more ASP.NET MVC related articles.

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Continuing the article that has told you about how to produce output to the web page using Redirect Action Method in ASP.NET MVC. Today, I will show you how to produce output to the web page from controller using JavaScript Action Method.

JavaScript() action method returns JavaScript code to the browser. This method returns JavaScriptResult action result that derives from ActionResult class.

public JavaScriptResult OutputJavaScriptAlert()
        {
            string a = "alert('this is alert')";
            return JavaScript(a);
        }

To test this, create a view with following code:

Try clicking on the link below
 
@Ajax.ActionLink("Test JavaScript", "OutputJavaScriptAlert", new AjaxOptions{UpdateTargetId = "divLink"})

Now, after running your project try clicking on the link and you will get an alert like below.

Simple, right? That's the way to produce output in ASP.NET MVC using Redirect Action Method. Just look forward to further discussion in the next article.

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Continuing the article that has told you about how to produce output to the web page using View Action Method in ASP.NET MVC. Today, I will show you how to produce output to the web page from controller using Redirect Action Method.

Redirect ("url") Action Method

Redirect() action method when passed url as parameter redirect user to the url that is passed.

 public RedirectResult OutputRedirectView()
        {
            return Redirect("/controllerandaction/ReceiveWithRequestFormCollection");
        }

The above code will redirect user to "ReceiveWithRequestFormCollection" method of "controllerandaction" controller. Redirect() method returns RedirectResult action result that derives from ActionResult.

RedirectToRoute() Action Method

RedirectToRoute() action method when passed Route name as parameter redirects the user to that particular route defined in App_Start/RouteConfig.cs. This method returns RedirectToRouteResult action result that intern derive from ActionResult class.

public RedirectToRouteResult OutputToAction()
        {
            // return RedirectToAction("OutputPartialView");
            return RedirectToRoute("MyCustomRoute");
        }

Route Config

 routes.MapRoute(
                name: "MyCustomRoute",
                url: "CustomController/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );

The parameters, if any defined in the route gets its default value, if not we need to pass 2nd parameter as route values.

return RedirectToRoute("MyCustomRoute", new { Id = 5 });

PartialView("_PartialViewName") action method

PartialView() action method when passed partial view name as parameter returns the Partial View as a web page.

public PartialViewResult OutputPartialView()
        {
            return PartialView("_MyPartialView");
        }

This method can accept 2nd parameter as model object to return along with the partial view so that this view can use Model to retrieve data. PartialView() method returns PartialViewResult action result that intern derives from ActionResult class.

That's the way to produce output in ASP.NET MVC using Redirect Action Method. Just look forward to further discussion in the next article.

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